OVERVIEW

 

The first event of its kind was deemed an “unqualified success” by those in Chicago on October 18, 2003 at a Symposium sponsored by the Advertising Educational Foundation (AEF) at Northwestern University School of Law. In keeping with AEF’s mission—to encourage dialogue between academia and the advertising industry—this important gathering focused on: How is Advertising Shaping the Image of Women?

Linda Scott, University of Illinois Professor and Symposium Chair, explained the goal of the day. “Professionals, academics, and activists share a lot of the same concerns,” she said. “It’s a tragedy we don’t have more connections.” It is necessary, Dr. Scott says, to bring fresh thinking to this topic since “ground has been lost in terms of sexual stereotyping in the last ten years.” She urged the audience to seek common ground: “Two very different worlds are coming together today. They have differences in style and values, but keep an open mind for the obvious similarities.”

Educators, activists, students and advertising professionals came together to exchange ideas and to take stock of just what progress society has made in its portrayal of women in advertising since the advent of the women’s movement in the 1960s and 70s.

The beneficiaries of this unprecedented exchange were the participants who learned that, in fact, they share several common insights:

  • Teens and young women warrant particular attention in terms of being portrayed in a more realistic and less offensive fashion.
  • Agency creative departments should employ more women.
  • More needs to be done to portray women in advertising the “way they really are.”

Most encouraging, all participants agreed the dialogue on women needs to continue. The December issue of Advertising & Society Review, aef.com’s online academic journal, focuses on Women and Advertising. The AEF intends to continue to bring together representatives of academia and the advertising industry to discuss this issue and other important subjects in similar forums.

 

 

HIGHLIGHTS

 

The dialogue began with Jennifer Scanlon, Associate Professor of History at Bowdoin College, who offered a historic vantage on women in advertising and recognized the movement of women into the workplace from WWI through WWII. She pointed out that the female image is not very different today. “A woman’s role was largely defined as the consumer,” she said.

She narrated the stories of the first women in advertising in 1924 at J. Walter Thompson, the only advertising agency providing professional opportunities for women at the time.

Cheryl Berman, Chief Creative Officer at Leo Burnett, shared her personal opinions and experiences regarding women in advertising, both as a woman creating it and a woman affected by it. Cheryl credited LeoShe as helping Burnett "makeover" brands including Special K, Tampax and Hallmark, to increase their relevancy among contemporary female consumers and said that clients' support made her hopeful for the future. "After all, our clients realize that women constitute a powerful market segment," she said, citing reports that women initiate 75% of all consumer electronics purchases, influence more than 80% of all car purchases, and command 85% of total personal consumption spending.

“Can There Be Feminism in Advertising?” Judy Lotas, Partner of LPNY Ltd., presented The Good, the Bad and the Ugly Awards from Advertising Women of New York to illustrate the importance of applauding positive portrayals of women in advertising and condemning negative ones.

Judy also suggested replacing “feminist” which often ignites negative associations with independent women today, by suggesting “fairest,” which simply means “one who works to be just and honest.”

Linda Smolak, Professor of Psychology at Kenyon College, provided the causes and effects of body dissatisfaction among young women citing advertising as only one element among a series of various influences such as peers and parents.

Professor Susan Bordo from the University of Kentucky revealed that it is not the presence of thin, beautiful women in advertising that is manipulative, but the exclusion of women of all sizes and skin color.

Gloria Steinem began her remarks with a plea for unity among the diverse audience. "Advertising professionals, academics and activists have to work together, because advertising is a source of information on what we get in the world, in politics, and it affects the environment and the planet. We had better pay attention to it."

She first acknowledged the positive side of advertising. "Advertising says we don't have to be born into a certain group to have a certain type of life," she said. However, she suggested that before embracing the future of advertising, one must leave it entirely. She said, "To make the world a more just, peaceful and livable place, we need to understand what our visions are without the influence of advertising."

"After we've separated ourselves from advertising, we can return to it and have choice about it," she said.

Gloria reiterated that advertising can work to empower women if all women, professionals, academics and activists, decide to work together. "It all starts with consciousness and it proceeds through community," she said.

Amy Richards, author and columnist, immediately followed, opening the way to the current feminist movement known as the “Third Wave.” Women must understand that they do not have to choose between what they want and feminism.

She emphasized that women can make decisions benefiting their individual needs, allowing them to operate in the world, and still be feminists so long as they never leave their feminism out of their lives.

The dialogue succeeded in incorporating the portrayal of women of color in advertising. Fay Ferguson, Managing Director of Burrell Communications and an African-American, delivered a moving speech and declared that we must look to the past before moving forward. “To know where you’re headed, you must first know where you’ve been.”

Fay said that before World War II African-Americans did not exist in advertising and today Ann Fudge is President & CEO of Young & Rubicam.

She also remarked that black agencies like Burrell tend to depict real images of women in real roles.

Covering nearly ever aspect of the history of women in advertising, the AEF also provided a panel, “What do Women in Advertising Think.” The panel was moderated by Anne Dooley, EVP client service director at BBDO/Chicago, and included Cheryl Greene, managing partner and chief strategy officer at Deutsch, Inc., Jan Murley, former marketing director of Hallmark Cards, and Tonise Paul, president and CEO at BBDO/Chicago. The panelists answered a series of questions from the audience, most of which touched upon how to stop the demeaning portrayal of women in the media.

The panelists collectively agreed that the most powerful action is reaction. “Tell the agency and the client what ads you dislike and why,” Cheryl advised. “Even just one letter is taken with the utmost seriousness.”

Tonise mentioned her own distaste for some of the current advertisements, in particular the Abercrombie & Fitch print ads. She said that she stopped shopping there, and urged her daughter to do the same, after seeing an ad of a naked young girl and two men. All the women agreed that young girls are in need of positive female images.

Capping the symposium, Dana Anderson, president and CEO at Foote, Cone & Belding/Chicago, gave a speech entitled, "Great Women I Have Loved." She addressed the personas of the self-deprecating Frida Kahlo, the self-aware and confident Maya Angelou, and the insecure Audrey Hepburn.

She said that while she loves Maya Angelou for her strength, she also loves Frida Kahlo and Audrey Hepburn because they never loved themselves. "They never had a girlfriend to tell them how wonderful they were," Dana said, "and they were unable to see it for themselves."

Striking a similar note to Cheryl Berman’s comment earlier about what women want -- "Women want what people want: respect, understanding, a little help" – Dana stressed that the portrayal of women in advertising, like all things, is dependent on respect for humanity and each other.

She ended the day with an empowering and moving quote from Eudora Welty, "All serious daring starts from within."

 

Presentations will be available on aef.com.

 

 

 

 

Women in Advertising Symposium

Participants' Bios:

Keynote Speaker: Gloria Steinem, Editor, Ms. Magazine
A devoted activist and writer, Gloria Steinem is undeniably one of the most important voices of the modern feminist movement. Perhaps best known as the co-founder of Ms. magazine, Ms. Steinem’s name is synonymous with the advancement of women’s social equality in America and throughout the world.

As Ms. magazine became a symbol of the women’s rights movement, Gloria Steinem established the Ms. Foundation for Women, devoted to helping the lives of women and girls in three main categories: economic security, leadership, and health and safety. She was a convener of the historic 1971 Women’s Political Caucus, supported the founding of the Coalition of Labor Union Women, and is president of Voters for Choice.

In her speeches, Ms. Steinem reflects on the social movements of the past 4 decades in which she plays such a crucial role. In her guide to “Feminism 101,” Ms. Steinem discusses the politics of gender, education and the origins of hierarchy and violence. She addresses the central issue as we move into a new century of how we can foster a spirit of co-operation to continue the advancement of the rights of all citizens, especially our children and how the communities in which she speaks can empower themselves.

Dana Anderson, President & Chief Executive Officer, Foote, Cone & Belding/Chicago
Since she came to FCB in 1997, FCB and its clients have benefited greatly from Dana Anderson's leadership and strategic acumen. Named President and CEO of the FCB Chicago office in 2001, she has primed the agency for delivering the best creative solutions for clients including ADM, Boeing, Circuit City, Coors, Kraft, SC Johnson and KFC. Dana fosters a working environment where employees can flourish. She's setting the strategy for attracting and retaining the best and brightest talent to serve clients' increasingly diverse needs. And she has led the charge for collaboration among departments making FCB more productive on all levels.

Prior to her current responsibilities, Dana was managing director of the agency and ran the Account Planning Department. She started her career as a copywriter, moved over to Account Management - selling everything from contact lenses to macaroni and cheese - before mastering Account Planning. She came to FCB from J. Walter Thompson where she was the Global Planner on Kraft. Before JWT, Dana spent 10 years at Young & Rubicam.

Dana is the Women's Ad Club of Chicago's 2001 Ad Woman of the Year. She is a guest lecturer at Northwestern University's Medill and Kellogg Schools, University of Chicago, Darden, University of Colorado and Harvard University.

Dana is also a board member of the Off the Street Club, the Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce and a national board member of the American Marketing Association.

Cheryl Berman, Chairman & Chief Creative Officer, Leo Burnett Worldwide
Throughout her 29-year Burnett career, Cheryl R. Berman has been responsible for some of the most creative, brand-building advertising celebrated around the globe. She currently serves as Chairman and Chief Creative Officer for Leo Burnett USA. In this role, she is responsible for the agency's creative product as well as the administrative and operational aspects of the creative and production staff.

Over the years she has composed theme music for McDonald's, Walt Disney World and Kraft. While moonlighting, Cheryl wrote a song celebrating the Chicago Bulls' 1996 NBA Championship. "Only The Bulls" is now played at every home game. She and her son Sam sang it during the team's pep rally in Grant Park in June 1996.

Cheryl and her creative group have won a plethora of industry awards and accolades including Andys, Addys, Effies, Clios and Cannes Lions. In addition, Berman was named Chicago's 1997 "Ad Woman of the Year" by the Women's Advertising Club of Chicago.

Berman joined Burnett in 1974 as a copywriter -- a job she has called the best at the agency. She progressed through the creative ranks, being named associate creative director in 1978, vice president in 1981 and creative director in 1984. By 1986, Berman had been promoted to senior vice president. She became a group creative director in 1987 and added the executive vice president title a year later.

In recognition of her contributions, Berman became the first woman appointed to Burnett's board of directors in 1994.

A Chicago native, Berman graduated from the University of Illinois at Urbana with a B.A. in Journalism.

Susan Bordo, Professor of English and Women's Studies, University of Kentucky
Susan Bordo is Professor of English and Women's Studies and holds the Otis A. Singletary Chair in the Humanities at the University of Kentucky. She is the author of The Flight to Objectivity: Essays on Cartesianism and Culture (SUNY Press, 1987), Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body (U. of California Press, 1993), Twilight Zones: The Hidden Life of Cultural Images from Plato to O.J. (U. of California Press, 1997) and The Male Body: A New Look at Men in Public and in Private (Farrar, Straus and Giroux,1999.) She is also editor of Feminist Interpretations of Descartes (Penn State Press,1999) and co-editor (with Alison Jaggar) of Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing (Rutgers University Press, 1989.) She lectures nationally on contemporary culture and the body, featuring topics such as eating disorders, cosmetic surgery, beauty and evolutionary theory, racism and the body, masculinity and the male body, sexual harassment, and the impact of contemporary media.

In the words of Susan Squier, professor of literature at Penn State University, Bordo's writings "can be said to have catalyzed the birth of the new interdisciplinary field of work known as `body studies'." Unbearable Weight, a University of California Press best seller whose 10th anniversary edition will be published in 2003, was the first book to draw attention to the profound role of cultural images in the spread of eating problems across race and class. It is widely cited, discussed and anthologized and used in courses throughout the disciplines. Named a Notable Book of 1993 by the New York Times, it was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize and received a Distinguished Publication Award from the Association for Women In Psychology. Columnist Katha Pollitt named it one of the five best books in Women's Studies of 1993. The Chronicle of Higher Education did a major piece on the book and Bordo's influential work on cultural images of the body.

Anne Dooley, EVP Client Service Director, BBDO/Chicago
Since joining BBDO in 1997, Anne has been responsible for leading the Agency's efforts on behalf of DowBrand, Bayer Consumer Care, Roche Diagnostics Corp. and Allied Domeqc Spirits. She was instrumental in winning the advertising assignments for Jim Beams Bourbon and Vox brands, Roche's Accu-Chek and Bayer's Aspirin, Midol, One-A-Day and Alka-Seltzer brands. Within six months of joining BBDO, her colleagues awarded her the "Creating a World of Difference" award in recognition of her leadership skills and passionate commitment to excellence.

Prior to joining BBDO, Anne spent four years on the client side with Kraft Foods in the Meals Division.

Anne began her career at Leo Burnett where she played an integral role on the P&G and Kellogg's accounts, contributing to outstanding advertising campaigns, successful new product introductions, and the creation of direct marketing programs for P&G brands like Cheer, Pert and Luvs and Kellogg's Frosted Flakes.

Fay Ferguson, Managing Director, Burrell Communications
Joining Burrell 19 years ago was a life-changing event for me. Having worked in advertising at Leo Burnett and Bozell & Jacobs for a number of years, I was confident in my ability to help develop relevant, insightful strategies that would result in great, business-building creative. What was missing was a meaningful connection between my work and my community. Burrell, an agency that specializes in communications to the urban youth market and to African-Americans, provides that link.

As a Managing Director, I help shape the course for the agency and take seriously our role relative to the portrayal of African-Americans for our various clients; clients such as McDonald's, General Mills, Procter & Gamble, Toyota, and Sears just to name a few.

Prior to my advertising career, I taught eighth grade English for two years in Michigan City, Indiana. I have a Bachelor of Arts degree in English, Speech and Drama from Concordia College in Minnesota where I graduated magna cum laude. I also earned an MBA from Indiana University.

Cheryl Greene, Managing Partner, Chief Strategy Officer, Deutsch, Inc.
Cheryl brings to all of her endeavors both experience and youth, yin and yang, a conservative outside and a radical inside, Midwestern roots and a passion for New York, flow of the Tao and just-plain-silliness, as well as a roll-up-your-sleeves-and-get-it-done attitude. She believes in achieving greater success by "doing for everyone, rather than oneself."

Cheryl joined Deutsch in 1992 and has helped it grow into a $2.4 billion marketing communications company with blue chip clients such as Mitsubishi Motors, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Starwood Hotels & Resorts, and many other dynamic brands, including Coors and Snapple. In her role as managing partner and chief strategy officer, she helps lead accounts such as Revlon, Monster, Tommy Hilfiger, and MCI. Over the span of her 20-year career, she has worked on an array of clients, including Procter & Gamble, Schering-Plough, and General Foods. She has built and shaped one of the best Account Planning departments in the country by maintaining high standards for traditional skills (such as quantitative research) and by hiring only nice people.

Cheryl has a B.A. from Barnard College in American Studies and an M.B.A. from the University of Oklahoma. She is a member of Beta Gamma Sigma, the National Honor Society in Business and Management. Among her list of memberships: the New York Board of Governors of the American Association of Advertising Agencies (AAAA) and a Board Member of the National Advertising Review Board (NARB).

Judy Lotas, Partner, LPNY Ltd.
Lotas and her partners opened their advertising agency on May Day, 1986. Prior to that, she was Executive Vice President and Executive Creative Director of one of The Interpublic Group's global advertising networks.

LPNY Ltd. is a strategic/creative shop with a particular expertise in women's health, beauty, image brands and public service. Recent campaigns include the "Quit Yet?" anti-smoking effort; "Fun Fearless Female" for Cosmopolitan Magazine; "Born to Lead" for CosmoGIRL and "Mothers & Shakers" for Redbook. They also work internationally with Mead-Johnson Nutritionals of Bristol Myers Squibb as well as CibaVision.

Lotas was elected to the Academy of Women Achievers of the YWCA of the City of New York. Advertising Age named her one of the "100 Best and Brightest Women in Advertising/Marketing". She was honored by Florida State University as a Graduate of Distinction. In 1993, Advertising Women of New York named Lotas "Advertising Woman of the Year". In 1994, she joined the Creative Review Board of the Ad Council and served on the Council's Board of Directors

Long involved in community affairs, Lotas helped convene the first Board of Directors for the Women's Venture Fund. She's worked on behalf of The National Coalition for the Homeless, The Dwelling Place for Homeless Women, The New York Women's Foundation and is currently very involved with the Afghan American Peace Corps.

Jan Murley, former Marketing Director, Hallmark Cards
Jan L. Murley became group vice president of Hallmark Cards, Inc., the world's largest publisher of greeting cards and related products in September, 1999 and resigned from that position in September, 2002. She was responsible for the North American P(L), strategic planning, marketing, new business development, acquisitions, branded retail and corporate brand management for all consumer products, services, entertainment and retail. Prior to that, she was employed by Procter & Gamble for over 20+ years, most recently as vice president for global skin care and personal cleansing.

Jan currently serves as a director of The Clorox Company and works as an independent consultant.

Tonise Paul, President & Chief Executive Officer, BBDO/Chicago
Tonise joined BBDO in 1983 as an Account Executive and rose through the ranks of account management. She was appointed President and CEO of BBDO Chicago in August of 1995. Since that time, BBDO has experienced tremendous growth and has tripled its client base adding new clients like Bayer, Jim Beam Brands and Sara Lee Coffee & Tea. In April 1999, Tonise was elected to the BBDO Worldwide Board of Directors in recognition of her outstanding contributions.

In addition to her leadership role at BBDO, she is the president of the U.S. Committee for UNICEF/Chicago. She is also a member of the boards of The Executive's Club of Chicago and the University of Illinois College of Communications. She is a member of The Economics Club and The Commercial Club of Chicago.

Tonise has been recognized by the Women's Advertising Club of Chicago as "Advertising Woman of the Year" (1999). Crain's Chicago Business included her in their exclusive "Forty Under 40" and for the past 6 years have included her in their "Who's Who in Chicago Business" issue. She was inducted into the Academy of Women Achievers of the YWCA of New York, an organization that recognizes the accomplishments of the most dynamic, successful women in the country. Tonise was honored by the Chancellor of the University of Illinois as Chicago Illini of the Year (1998).

Amy Richards, of "Ask Amy"
Amy Richards is a writer, activist, and research and organizational consultant. She has been described as both the Gloria Steinem of her generation and a Martha Stewart wannabe, and it's this unique and varied perspective that makes Amy's work accessible and inspiring to an array of audiences. In 1995, Who Cares Magazine chose her as one of twenty-five Young Visionaries and in 1997 Ms. magazine profiled her in "21 for the 21st: Leaders for the Next Century."

Amy's work with young women is most visible through her work with the Third Wave Foundation, an organization she co-founded and of which she currently serves on the executive committee. Third Wave is the first and only national organization working with young women between the ages of 15 and 30. As a non-profit activist philanthropic organization, the Third Wave Foundation provides crucial financial resources and organizational support to young women. Under Amy's leadership, Third Wave has sponsored a number of public education campaigns, including "Why Vote?," a series of panel discussions on funding for the arts, education, reproductive rights, and affirmative action, and Freedom Summers '92 and '96, massive voter registration and voter education drives. Most recently, Amy helped Third Wave create and launch "I Spy Sexism," a public education and postcard campaign encouraging people to take action on the injustices that they witness every day. Amy is instrumental in creating and hosting successful fundraising events in order to maintain the organization's annual budget of $500,000.

Amy is also the person behind "Ask Amy," an online activist advice column located at www.feminist.com. After feminist.com started receiving a range of email queries ranging from "how do I start a local feminist group" to "how do I report workplace discrimination," Amy created this resource for the thousands of people who previously thought they had nowhere to turn. Here she fields over twenty questions daily on topics ranging from sexual harassment laws to the media's representation of women.

Throughout all of this, Amy has worked as a consultant to Gloria Steinem, the Ms. Foundation for Women, First Peoples Worldwide, Voters for Choice, and Scenarios USA among other places. She is also a contributing editor to Ms. magazine and recently was the Interim Director of Twilight: Los Angeles, a film project created by Anna Deavere Smith, which aired nationally on PBS. Her writings are anthologized in: Listen Up! Voices from the Next Feminist Generation (Seal Press, 1994), Adios Barbie (Seal Press, 1998), Letters of Intent (The Free Press, 1999) and The Bust Guide to the New Girl Order (Penguin, 1999); and can be found in The Nation, Ms., The New Internationalist, the Los Angeles Times, and Bust.

Jennifer Scanlon, Associate Professor of History, Bowdoin College
Jennifer Scanlon, an award-winning teacher and scholar, is associate professor and director of women's studies at Bowdoin College. Her main area of research is consumer culture, with a particular focus on the historical relationship between women's magazines and advertising. She is the author of Inarticulate Longings: The Ladies' Home Journal, Gender, and the Promises of Consumer Culture, editor of The Gender and Consumer Culture Reader, and author of numerous articles on consumer culture and feminist pedagogy. Her current research focuses on Ruth Whitney, Glamour magazine, and the relationship between mainstream women's magazines and the second wave of the feminist movement.

Linda Scott, Symposium Chair, University of Illinois
Linda M. Scott is Associate Professor of Advertising, Women's Studies, and the School of Art & Design at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. She is also Research Associate Professor of the Institute of Communications Research. Professor Scott holds a B.A., an M.A., and a Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin, as well as an M.B.A. from Southern Methodist University.

Her research interests focus on the history of consumer culture in America, with particular emphasis on images and on women. Professor Scott teaches "Classic Campaigns" and "Women in Advertising" at the undergraduate level. At the graduate level, she teaches special project courses as well as doctoral seminars on consumer culture and visual theory. Her most recent scholarly work is a book, Persuasive Imagery: A Consumer Response Perspective. She serves on the board of the Advertising Educational Foundation, as well as several editorial boards.

Linda Smolak, Professor of Psychology, Kenyon College
Linda Smolak is Professor of Psychology and Women's and Gender Studies at Kenyon College. She received her Ph.D. from Temple University in 1980. She has published numerous articles and chapters as well as several books in the area of body image and eating disorders. Her most recent volumes were both published by the American Psychological Association (Eating Disorders: Innovations in Research and Practice; Body Image, Eating Disorders, and Obesity in Youth: Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment). She is currently co-authoring a book, with Michael P. Levine, entitled The Prevention of Eating Problems and Eating Disorders: Theory, Research, and Practice (Erlbaum). She has served as a consultant on several research projects, including the McKnight Risk Factor Study, and several prevention projects, including with the Office on Women's Health. She is a member of the editorial board of Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention and Body Image: An International Journal of Research.